పుస్తకం
pustakaṁ‘bound written text’
simplex — no productive affix
The same meaning in all five languages
Open the meaning → English
Germanic
French
Romance
Hindi
Indo-Aryan
Telugu
South-Central
Tamil
South
Stem
book
livre
किताब
पुस्तक
పుస్తకం
புத்தகம்
Register
native
native
Perso-Arabic
Sanskritic
Sanskritic
Sanskritic
- पुस्तकHindi⟷புத்தகம்Tamil· shared loan — both borrowed from the same source
- पुस्तकHindi⟷పుస్తకంTelugu· shared loan — both borrowed from the same source
- புத்தகம்Tamil⟷పుస్తకంTelugu· shared loan — both borrowed from the same source
How the graph explains it
generated by named rules · open a sentence to see whyThese sentences are assembled from graph facts by a deterministic template engine — not written by hand, and not authoritative.
01పుస్తకం (pustakaṁ) is a Telugu noun with no productive affixal segmentation (simplex).1 step
- rulerule:simplex
02Its meaning ('bound written text') can be approximated as TEXT in the Suffeffix atom interlingua.2 steps
- rulerule:atom-structure
- atomatom:TEXT
03పుస్తకం is borrowed from Sanskrit पुस्तक pustaka ‘book, manuscript’ (confidence 0.85).3 steps
- rulerule:etymology-hop
- edgeedge:book-skt-te0.85
- sourcebrown0.85
04Aligned forms: English book (translation equivalent); French livre (translation equivalent); Hindi किताब (kitāb) (translation equivalent); Hindi पुस्तक (pustak) (shared loan (both borrowed from the same source)); Tamil புத்தகம் (puttakam) (shared loan (both borrowed from the same source)).1 step
- rulerule:alignment
Where it came from
Full lineage graph →- पुस्तक pustakaSanskrit— borrowed →పుస్తకం acceptedbrown0.85